web3.js签名操作

孟斯特

发布于 2024-05-11 10:27:30

1100

发布于 2024-05-11 10:27:30

文章被收录于专栏：code人生code人生

原文在这里[1]

在这篇教程中，我们将介绍如何使用web3.js对data和transactions进行签名。无论是使用账户、钱包，还是私钥对数据、交易进行签名，我们都会带你实践每一个基本操作。现在我们开始吧！

使用`Account`签名数据

在这个例子里，我们使用web3.eth.account.create()创建了一个随机账户，你也可以通过web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount('0x...')导入指定账户：

import { create } from 'web3-eth-accounts';

// the create method returns a `Web3Account` object
// the account contains an `address` and `privateKey` and allows you to be able to encrypt, signData and signTransaction.
const account = create(); //this is the same as web3.eth.accounts.create();

/* ↳
{
address: '0xbD504f977021b5E5DdccD8741A368b147B3B38bB',
privateKey: 'privateKey',
signTransaction: [Function: signTransaction],
sign: [Function: sign],
encrypt: [AsyncFunction: encrypt]
}
*/

account.sign('hello world');
/* ↳ 
{
  message: 'hello world',
  messageHash: '0xd9eba16ed0ecae432b71fe008c98cc872bb4cc214d3220a36f365326cf807d68',
  v: '0x1b',
  r: '0xe4fce466ef18f6cd8b4f4175a9a04cd2872a1a6a8cfc2ff67fb0cfd6d78ec758',
  s: '0x37ca3a789976f1854d16e50a04caf2e06ee14b0ac4a5878b43929767f2008288',
  signature: '0xe4fce466ef18f6cd8b4f4175a9a04cd2872a1a6a8cfc2ff67fb0cfd6d78ec75837ca3a789976f1854d16e50a04caf2e06ee14b0ac4a5878b43929767f20082881b'
}
*/

使用`Account`签名交易

在这个例子里，我们使用web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount('0x...')导入指定账户，你也可以通过web3.eth.account.create()创建一个随机账户：

import { Web3 } from 'web3';

const web3 = new Web3(/* PROVIDER */);

const privateKey = '0x4651f9c219fc6401fe0b3f82129467c717012287ccb61950d2a8ede0687857ba'
const account = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount(privateKey);

// Magic happens inside signTransaction. If a transaction is sent from an account that exists in a wallet, it will be automatically signed using that account.
signedTransaction = await account.signTransaction({
  from: account.address,
  to: '0xe4beef667408b99053dc147ed19592ada0d77f59',
  value: '0x1',
  gas: '300000',
  gasPrice: await web3.eth.getGasPrice(),
});

console.log(signedTransaction);
/* ↳
{
messageHash: '0xfad22c3ab5ecbb6eec934a21243ee1866fbbd3786f4e8e8ec631b917ef65174d',
v: '0xf4f6',
r: '0xc0035636d9417f63fdd418bc545190e59b58a4ff921bbf4efebf352dac211f11',
s: '0x4944d746ff12c7bca41f77c8f7d75301cea8b205e021dfde34d09d5bdccc713d',
rawTransaction:
    '0xf866808477359400830493e094e4beef667408b99053dc147ed19592ada0d77f59018082f4f6a0c0035636d9417f63fdd418bc545190e59b58a4ff921bbf4efebf352dac211f11a04944d746ff12c7bca41f77c8f7d75301cea8b205e021dfde34d09d5bdccc713d',
transactionHash: '0xa3fed275c97abc4a160cd9bef3ec90206686f32821a8fd4e01a04130bff35c1a',
};
*/

使用钱包签名数据和交易

import { Web3 } from 'web3';

const web3 = new Web3(/* PROVIDER */);

// create a `Wallet` with 1 account inside
const wallet = web3.eth.accounts.wallet.create(1);

const message = web3.utils.utf8ToHex('Hello world'); // sign only takes hexstrings, so turn message to hexstring

const signedMessage = web3.eth.sign(message, wallet[0].address);

console.log(signedMessage);
/* ↳
{
  message: '0x48656c6c6f20776f726c64',
  messageHash: '0x8144a6fa26be252b86456491fbcd43c1de7e022241845ffea1c3df066f7cfede',
  v: '0x1c',
  r: '0x3a420906f331896cb5db1366cdaeef1f0b14f9f71d72c178e87b76f8b31f3f36',
  s: '0x32ffccc78638c1d7e46dbf16041ddaef90ab50a85eeeaa46f8c496a39237831a',
  signature: '0x3a420906f331896cb5db1366cdaeef1f0b14f9f71d72c178e87b76f8b31f3f3632ffccc78638c1d7e46dbf16041ddaef90ab50a85eeeaa46f8c496a39237831a1c'
}
*/

使用私钥签名数据和交易

import { Web3 } from 'web3';

const web3 = new Web3(/* PROVIDER */);

const privateKey = '0x4651f9c219fc6401fe0b3f82129467c717012287ccb61950d2a8ede0687857ba';

const message = 'Hello world';
const signedMessage = web3.eth.accounts.sign(message, privateKey);

console.log(signedMessage);
/* ↳
{
  message: 'Hello world',
  messageHash: '0x8144a6fa26be252b86456491fbcd43c1de7e022241845ffea1c3df066f7cfede',
  v: '0x1c',
  r: '0xb669ef385082d7c4393522ab2fc37f8684fe948b313fb64b7cb8bee851b765f1',
  s: '0x26eec81e9900d25500c13024b273e238cfb2a4d4554b79f74b372e1132b6cb2f',
  signature: '0xb669ef385082d7c4393522ab2fc37f8684fe948b313fb64b7cb8bee851b765f126eec81e9900d25500c13024b273e238cfb2a4d4554b79f74b372e1132b6cb2f1c'
}
*/

声明：本作品采用署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 4.0 国际 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)[2]进行许可，使用时请注明出处。 Author: mengbin[3] blog: mengbin[4] Github: mengbin92[5] cnblogs: 恋水无意[6] 腾讯云开发者社区：孟斯特[7]

References

[1] 这里: https://docs.web3js.org/guides/wallet/signing [2] 署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 4.0 国际 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.zh [3] mengbin: mengbin1992@outlook.com [4] mengbin: https://mengbin.top [5] mengbin92: https://mengbin92.github.io/ [6] 恋水无意: https://www.cnblogs.com/lianshuiwuyi/ [7] 孟斯特: https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/user/6649301